250 and Counting

Author: Claude Call

  • The Siege at Ft. St. Jean Ends–November 3, 1775

    Cover art for November 3, 1775: plaque commemorating the siege at Fort St. Jean in 1775, placed in 1926. via WIkipedia.

    If you’re scrutinizing today’s cover art and you’re having trouble reading the plaque, that’s because what you see is mostly in French. The bottom half, only part of which is visible here, is in English.

    The English part (which is a translation of the French part) reads:

    FORT SAINT JEAN

    Constructed in 1743 by M. de Léry under orders from Governor la Galissonnière. This post was for all the military expeditions towards Lake Champlain. In August, 1760, Commandant de Roquemaure had it blown up in accordance with orders from the Governor de Vaudreuil in order to prevent its falling into the hands of the English. Rebuilt by Governor Carleton, in 1773. During the same year, under the command of Major Charles Preston of the 26th Regiment, it withstood a 45 day siege by the American troops commanded by General Montgomery.

    So…yeah. The FORT withstood the siege, but eventually the soldiers within the fort gave themselves up.

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  • Jeromus Johnson–November 2, 1775

    Cover art for November 2, 1775: Jeromus Johnson, 1832. Oil on canvas portrait by William Sidney Mount. via the Brooklyn Museum.

    It’s noted that Brooklyn is the place where Jeromus Johnson was born, but to be more specific, Johnson was born in a neighborhood called Wallabout, which still exists but Johnson wouldn’t recognize it today. Wallabout got its name from the adjacent Wallabout Bay, which has been mostly filled in and is now occupied by the Brooklyn Navy Yard. “Wallabout” is a corruption of a French phrase meaning “bend in the harbor”.

    For all that, you rarely hear the name Wallabout anymore; the village has been largely absorbed by Fort Greene, Bedford-Stuyvesant and Clinton Hill.

    How do I know all this? I used to work a few blocks from there.

    Another personal connection: the town to which Johnson retired is Goshen, NY, in Orange County. My oldest daughter used to go to school up that way, and to avoid traffic I’d often visit her by driving a state highway that passed right through Goshen. It’s a lovely, rustic-looking village (at least it was ten years ago), and that area is a nice, relaxing drive.

    But what about Jeromus Johnson? Go listen to Mike.

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  • Congress Gets Bad News–November 1, 1775

    Cover art for November 1, 1775: Page 1 of the Olive Branch Petition (detail). Via Library of Congress.

    In July 1775, there were still several delegates to the Second Continental Congress who thought that reconciliation with Britain was a possibility. There were a few others who may not have necessarily been of that opinion, but were willing to take a chance. Some of these men, led by John Dickinson, formed a committee to draft what’s come to be known as the Olive Branch Petition. The intent was to continue pledging loyalty to the King, but to simultaneously ask for some equitability in trade and tax regulations.

    The document asked for a firm settlement to the Colonies’ grievances, and identified all of the colonies as signatories except Georgia. The only reason Georgia wasn’t named is because they only had one delegate at the time, and he wasn’t comfortable with speaking for the entire colony. Consequently, he abstained from many votes.

    It was on this day that Congress learned what King George III had to say back in August regarding the Olive Branch Petition.

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  • Sam Adams on Armies–October 31, 1775

    Cover art for October 31, 1775: Samuel Adams, ca. 1772 by John Singleton Copley

    Sam Adams was a patriot in his own right, oftentimes supporting his second cousin John. The two of them were often able to work together closely. What’s more, they were an efficient team, with Sam Adams being the fiery agitator and organizer, and John Adams acting in the more measured and sophisticated role, playing the political diplomat.

    But Sam also had his own ideas about how things should be organized. When he heard that the Massachusetts Assembly was considering putting together military groups, he applauded the idea, but he was also worried that having each colony create an army, then putting them all under the control of a single entity, might be dangerous in the long run. He expressed these fears in a letter to Eldridge Gerry, written on October 29 and delivered to Gerry today.

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  • Sally Scott Murray–October 30, 1775

    Cover art for October 30, 1775: Portrait of Sally Scott Murray (left) and her sister Anna Maria Murray.

    Sally Scott Murray was a political wife for the better part of her adult life, given all the different elected offices that her husband Edward Lloyd the 5th held. There were a few years immediately after their marriage when id didn’t hold elected office, and he predeceased her by about twenty years, but in between, Edward’s resume is all over the Maryland State Archives.

    And, of course, there’s a Lloyd Street in Baltimore. Just around the corner on Lombard Street is one of the best places ever to get a corned beef sandwich; a Jewish deli by the name of Attman’s. Stop in and tell them I said Hi. They won’t know what you’re talking about, but we can use the publicity.

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  • An Intercepted Gift–October 29, 1775

    Cover art for October 29, 1775: A contemporary path through old growth forest in Congaree National Park.

    One of the most fascinating things about this event, and we only got to touch on it briefly in the episode itself, is that some important parts of the story are under dispute.

    What’s not debated is that the order went out to transfer gunpowder and lead to the Cherokees on October 29. What is debated, however, is the date and the place where the materials were confiscated.

    By some accounts, this incident took place on November 3, 1775 in a place called Mine Creek. This is farther inland (by over 70 miles) than reported by Moses Cotter ON November 3, who said it took place at Congaree on October 31. Other than the date and the place, the two stories are nearly the same, right down to the names of the people involved. And, of course, there are historical marker plaques in both locations.

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  • Dorothy Becomes Mrs. Hancock–October 28, 1775

    Cover art for October 28, 1775: Portrait of Dorothy Quincy, 1772, by John Singleton Copley

    It’s nice, isn’t it, that not everything we have for your benefit concentrates on people shooting at each other or generally not being kind?

    Take today, for instance. It’s Wedding Bells for the President of the Continental Congress! John Hancock got married to Dorothy Quincy today!

    (Okay, never mind that the motivations to get these two together may have been a little corrupt. Let’s just be happy for this couple, hm? )

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  • It’s Finally Official–October 27, 1775

    Cover art for October 27, 1775: Detail of a broadside containing the text of King George III's speech to Parliament on this day.

    We’re 300 days into 1775 and therefore 300 days into this show, and we’ve finally gotten to the point where British troops will be shooting at Americans because the two parties are officially at war.

    Up until now, all the fighting was about control, because what better way to control people than by shooting at them?

    But King George III’s declaration of rebellion in August was informal in nature. It wasn’t until he declared the Colonies to be in rebellion before Parliament that genuine attention was paid to it. It was still theoretically possible that the Colonists could back off and let things go to the way they were, but the odds were vanishingly small.

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  • A New Facet of War–October 26, 1775

    Cover art for October 28, 1775: The Old Feather Store in Boston, 1775. Print by Louis Prang & Co., 1860. via the National Museum of American History digital archives.

    With both Boston and Canada in a state of stalemate, there wasn’t a lot of active fighting going on in the Colonies.

    Not until, as we said yesterday, General Woodford stumbled into a bunch of British soldiers preparing to attack Hampton, VA. This set off the first major battle of the Revolution in a southern state, and one of our first significant victories.

    But in the meantime, Congress discovered that a shooting war wasn’t the only tool they had at their disposal: they had economic power as well, and they began to leverage that.

    We mentioned in the past that the Colonies didn’t have a ton of economic clout, but the cost of war combined with whatever other money-related tactics they could try, added up to a bigger impact than originally postulated.

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  • An Unexpected Battle–October 25, 1775

    Cover art for October 25, 1775: portrait of William Woodford.

    William Woodford was both smart and able to see the bigger picture. He’d already begun training his troops in earnest in anticipation of a British attack. Then the word came in that his men were to protect Norfolk or Portsmouth.

    When they began the march, they had not idea that they were about to stumble into a British attempt to attack amphibiously. Woodford’s men repelled the attack and created the first important British casualties of the war effort.

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